In an ongoing effort to learn more about the flora all around us, I have decided to devote the first posting of each month to a specific plant, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks of placing it in a garden. Together, we can discover the properties of plants that we previously knew little or nothing about, with the aim of expanding our horticultural horizons.
This month's feature is Valeriana officinalis, commonly called Valerian. I've only been vaguely aware of this herb, but it has properties that intrigue me, so let's take a closer look!
A perennial that thrives in zones 5-8, it boasts delicate heads of sweetly scented lilac, pink or white flowers that bloom from late spring right through summer. The heady aroma was so enticing to 16th-century perfume-makers that they pressed valerian flower extracts into service, scenting the wrists of fair ladies of the day. Among the most outrageous uses of that time was its application to ward off the plague.
Native to areas of Asia and Europe, the plant has long been naturalized in North America. Its flowers, on decorative stalks that can reach 5 feet high, are frequented by many species of flies, butterflies, and moths--making this perennial a plus for butterfly gardens.
Historically, this plant has been cultivated as a drug plant, of sorts. Preparations of valerian yield sedative properties, and it's often been prescribed for insomnia. Additionally, tea made from its root has been used to soothe muscular pains, spasms and cramps. Not being in the medical field myself, I make no claims to the effectiveness of such uses. In fact, my research has indicated that chronic use of valerian root is linked to depression. Ironically, it's been discovered to entice cats. Pet owners can check out the labels of their catnip to see if valerian is listed among the ingredients.
On the upside, this plant thrives in sunny and shady areas. It likes wet feet, and often pops up in the moist crevices of moss-covered rocks. On the downside, it can take over an area. In fact, it's considered an invasive species in Connecticut, and planting it is banned in that state. To keep spreading at bay, simply cut off flowers in early summer, when their fragrance is at peak. This will not only ensure gorgeous, fragrant floral bouquets and centerpieces, but keeps valerian from reseeding.
Is this plant for you? I would say yes if the following criteria apply: you have open space you need to fill in and you aren't worried about the plant becoming invasive; you're creating a butterfly garden; you enjoy cut-flowers and need an abundance of attractive, aromatic florals for centerpieces and bouquets.
When to avoid this plant: If you have a small garden space and/or little time to tend to its upkeep. Valerian is not obedient; you may get more than you bargained for if you allow seeds to spread.
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